http://suw.biblos.pk.edu.pl/ Biblioteka Politechniki Krakowskiej lipinska@biblos.pk.edu.pl 60 Thu, 30 Nov 2023 09:04:33 +0100 Staroń, Anita; Ciuruś, Joanna; Kijania-Kontak, Magda
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Abstrakt: Waste cooking oil poses a serious threat to human health and the environment, both in households and in larger communities. One of the applications of waste cooking oil is composite materials called vegeblocks, which can be used for construction purposes. These composites are formed by the process of polymerisation, esterification and polyesterification. The resulting materials exhibit mechanical strength in line with the requirements for paving blocks. Composite materials that have been annealed for a minimum of 20 h at 200 ◦C or higher have the highest tensile strength (above 5 MPa). In contrast, composites with the highest flexural strength were obtained after processing at 210 ◦C for 16 h. The Saxa 2 variety showed the greatest inhibition of storage root growth (almost 43% compared to the control sample), as well as stimulation of root and leaf blade growth (by a maximum of 61.5% and 53.5%, respectively, compared to the control sample). The composite obtained from the maximum process parameters resulted in significant growth of both the root and the green part of both radish varieties by up to 35%. The study showed that the presence of vegeblocks in the plants causes stress conditions, resulting in increased peroxidase content compared to the control sample. The presence of the oil composite in the soil did not increase the amount of catalase in the radish, and even a reduction was observed compared to the control sample.]]> Thu, 30 Nov 2023 08:53:18 +0100 Kumar, B. Varun; Selvan, Chithirai Pon; Kanna, P. Rajesh; Taler, Dawid; Szymkiewicz, Magdalena; Taler, Jan
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Abstrakt: Solar air heating thermal systems have found extensive utilization in a broad array of industrial and residential settings, playing a pivotal role in the conversion and reclamation of solar energy. Implementing repeated artificial roughness in the surfaces has the potential to augment thermal performance in solar air heaters (SAHs). This study presents a numerical investigation of SAHs with artificial rough surfaces, consisting of polygonal-shaped ribs and grooves located at different places inside the rectangular duct, that improve thermal efficiency. ANSYS Fluent software was employed to simulate the SAH with different relative pitch distances of p = 10mm and 20mm and relative rib heights e/d = 0.09–0.045. The working fluid air flows at different Reynolds numbers (Re), ranging from 3,800 to 18,000. Nusselt number (Nu), friction factor (f), and Thermal Hydraulic Performance (THP) are parameters to evaluate the performance of the SAH. The renormalized group (RNG) k-ϵ turbulent model was implemented in this simulation. The study outcomes indicate that increasing the rib height improves the heat transfer rate and nonetheless increases pressure drop while increasing the pitch distance. The higher Nusselt number (Nu) is 3.762 attained at p = 10mm and 3.420 at p = 20mm in the center-positioned rib at Re 3,800. The lower friction factor (f ) obtained in p = 20mm is 1.681 and 0.785 in p = 10mm in the staggered positioned rib at higher Re 15,000. The optimal THP was achieved at 2.813 at a staggered rib height at a pitch distance of p = 10mm at Re 8,000. The study’s findings suggest that the incorporation of artificial rough surfaces has the potential to enhance the THP of an SAH.]]> Wed, 29 Nov 2023 07:46:03 +0100 Blazy, Rafał; Hrehorowicz-Gaber, Hanna; Błachut, Jakub; Ciepiela, Agnieszka; Łysień, Mariusz; Dudek, Jakub; Hrehorowicz-Nowak, Alicja
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Abstrakt: W Krakowie, podobnie jak w innych miastach Polski, obserwuje się podejmowanie licznych inicjatyw tworzenia prywatnych przedszkoli i szkół ze względu na rosnące zapotrzebowanie na takie obiekty. W trakcie ostatnich trzech lat sytuacja w szkolnictwie pogorszyła się za sprawą wirusa COVID-19 oraz przez wojnę w Ukrainie. Obecna sytuacja stwarza zapotrzebowanie na możliwość zastosowania szybkiego w realizacji, efektywnego i możliwie ekonomicznego rozwiązania, które zapewni jednocześnie elastyczność w kwestii doboru lokalizacji dodatkowych przestrzeni dla edukacji prowadzonej na różnych szczeblach. Zespół badaczy jako odpowiedź na powyższe zapotrzebowanie zaproponował wykorzystanie budownictwa modułowego. Opracowano "Szkołę Przyszłości: modularny i mobilny system zielonych klas", w ramach programu Nauka dla Społeczeństwa. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie możliwości wykorzystania zaproponowanych modułów edukacyjnych, w kontekście uwarunkowań przestrzennych oraz regulacji wynikających z dokumentów planistycznych. Obszarem wytypowanym do analiz szczegółowych była gmina miejska i miasto Kraków. We wskazanych placówkach wykonano badania terenowe, waloryzację uwarunkowań przyrodniczych oraz analizę planistyczną. W licznych przypadkach występują utrudnienia wynikające z niewielkiego udziału powierzchni biologicznie czynnej w terenach szkolnych. Większość badanych obiektów posiada niespójnie zaprojektowaną przestrzeń w swoim najbliższym otoczeniu, jak i w niewielkim stopniu wykorzystuje możliwości wynikające z dostępności komunikacyjnej. Szczególne ograniczenia dotyczą szkół zlokalizowanych w zabudowie historycznej, często objętej ochroną konserwatorską. Ze względu na regulacje zawarte w planach miejscowych, wykluczona jest możliwość realizacji obiektów tymczasowych. Zapisy te powodują utratę mobilności, która była jednym z kluczowych założeń projektu. Zarekomendowano realizację modułów Zielonych Klas jako obiektów w formie platform osadzonych na kołach lub rozważenie realizacji jako obiektów trwale związanych z gruntem.]]> Tue, 28 Nov 2023 09:25:27 +0100 Pazdan, Sylwia; Kiec, Mariusz
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Abstrakt: The increasing number of cyclists in cities around the world results in a greater focus on bicycle traffic. Next to traffic volume, the main characteristic of traffic used in road safety analysis, infrastructure planning, design, etc. is its speed. Bicyclespeed is strongly affected by the type of bicycle facility, motor vehicle traffic parameters (volume, speed, share of heavy vehicles), trip motivation, weather conditions, etc., and therefore it is difficult to estimate. Traditionally, bicycle speed is determined directly using speed radar or indirectly, as a quotient of measurement base length and travel time calculated using a stopwatch or video technique. There are also researches where bicycle speed was esti-mated based on GPS sources, mainly mobile apps. However, depending on the GPS source and the group of cyclists, bicycle speed gained from GPS data can be different from the speed of regular cyclists (due to different levels of experience or types of bicycle). In the paper, the relationships between bicycle speed obtained from empirical meas-urements and two different GPS sources, which were bikesharing system (Wavelo) and Strava app, were analysed. In total 18 research sites were selected different in terms of bicycle facility (bicycle path, shared pedestrian/bicycle path, contraflow lane) and element of road network (road segment, bicycle crossing with or without traffic signals). Two-tailed test for two means was conducted to analyse the statistical significance of differences in bicycle speed estimated based on GPS data and empirical measurements using video technique. It showed that Wavelo and Strava speeds are by 17.4% lower are by 23.1% higher than the speeds of regular cyclists respectively. Two linear regression models describing relationships between bicycle speeds from empirical measurements and GPS data were developed. The results show that the variance of bicycle speed is almost 80% described by the variance of Wavelo speed and 60% described by the variance of Strava speed, which suggests thatbicycle free-flow speed can be estimated based on GPS data either from bikeshare system or dedicated app.]]> Tue, 28 Nov 2023 08:12:01 +0100 Yin, Ming; Soomro, Toufique Ahmed; Jandan, Fayyaz Ali; Fatihi, Ayoub; Ubaid, Faisal Bin; Irfan, Muhammad ; Afifi, Ahmed J.; Rahman, Saifur; Telenyk, Sergii; Nowakowski, Grzegorz
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Abstrakt: Deep learning has found widespread application in diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening, primarily for lesion detection. However, this approach encounters challenges such as information loss due to convolutional operations, shape uncertainty, and the high similarity between different lesions types. These factors collectively hinder the accurate segmentation of lesions. In this research paper, we introduce a novel dual-branch U-Net architecture, referred to as Dual-Branch (DB)-U-Net, tailored to address the intricacies of small-scale lesion segmentation. Our approach involves two branches: one employs a U-Net to capture the shared characteristics of lesions, while the other utilizes a modified U-Net, known as U2Net, equipped with two decoders that share a common encoder. U2Net is responsible for generating probability maps for lesion segmentation as well as corresponding boundary segmentation. DB U-Net combines the outputs of U2Net and U-Net as a dual branch, concatenating their segmentation maps to produce the final result. To mitigate the challenge of imbalanced data, we employ the Dice loss as a loss function. We evaluate the effectiveness of our approach on publicly available datasets, including DDR, IDRiD, and E-Ophtha. Our results demonstrate that DB U-Net achieves AUPR values of 0.5254 and 0.7297 for Microaneurysms and soft exudates segmentation, respectively, on the IDRiD dataset. These results outperform other models, highlighting the potential clinical utility of our method in identifying retinal lesions from retinal fundus images.]]> Tue, 28 Nov 2023 07:47:58 +0100 Tomczyk, Krzysztof; Kowalczyk, Małgorzata
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Abstrakt: This paper presents the mathematical basis and related procedures for the regression of the upper bound of the dynamic error produced by charge-mode accelerometers. The integralsquare error obtained in response to simulation signals with one constraint appearing at the input of the accelerometer is considered. Physical models of accelerometers are presented with related equations and mathematical formulae that make it possible to obtain the error and the corresponding constrained signal. Examples of the regression for predefined values of the accelerometer parameters are also discussed. The solutions presented in this paper may contribute to increasing the accuracy of the charge-mode accelerometers commonly used in energy systems. Development of the functions approximating the integral-square error for the given ranges of accelerometer parameters constitutes the original contribution of this paper.]]> Tue, 28 Nov 2023 07:45:05 +0100 Rachowicz, Waldemar; Cecot, Witold; Zdunek, Adam
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Abstrakt: We present an overlapping domain decomposition iterative solver for linear systems resulting from the discretization of compressible viscous flows with the Discontinuous Petrov–Galerkin (DPG) method in three dimensions. It is a two-grid solver utilizing the solution on the auxiliary coarse grid and the standard blockJacobi iteration on patches of elements defined by supports of the coarse mesh base shape functions. The simple iteration defined in this way is used as a preconditioner for the conjugate gradient procedure. Theoretical analysis indicates that the condition number of the preconditioned system should be independent of the actual finite element mesh and the auxiliary coarse mesh, provided that they are quasiuniform. Numerical tests confirm this result. Moreover, they show that presence of strongly flattened or elongated elements does not slow the convergence. The finite element mesh is subject to adaptivity, i.e. dividing the elements with large errors until a required accuracy is reached. The auxiliary coarse mesh is adjusting to the nonuniform actual mesh.]]> Mon, 27 Nov 2023 11:36:20 +0100 Korniejenko, Kinga; Nykiel, Marek; Choinska, Marta; Jexembayeva, Assel; Konkanov, Marat; Aruova, Lyazat
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Abstrakt: The main motivations for the development of research in the area of appropriate additives for asphalt and bitumen are the enhancement of their properties and improvement of their production process, including the reduction in environmental burden. Many additives improve the properties of mineral–asphalt mixtures. Traditionally, additives such as the following are applied: elastomers, plastomers, latexes, rubber powder, resins, and others. Currently, the modification of asphalt and bitumen materials by traditional additives can be replaced by nanomaterials that better fit the requirements of modern industry. New solutions are required, which has led to years of studies researching micro- and nano-additives. The main aim of the article is to analyze contemporary research where micro- and nano-additives were applied to asphalt and bitumen and summarize the advantages and disadvantages of the implementation of these additives for road construction. The article studied the state of the art in this area based on the literature research. It presents the possible materials’ solutions, including their properties, used technology, and featured trends for road construction. The challenges for further projects are discussed, especially environmental issues.]]> Mon, 27 Nov 2023 11:13:29 +0100 Augustyn, Marcin; Lisowski, Filip
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Abstrakt: This paper focused on the investigation of the blades for a carousel rotor of a wind turbine with a vertical axis. Cross sections of the single coherent (SC) and the dual coherent (DC) blades were compared in terms of the aerodynamic forces and aerodynamic torque generated during rotor operation for various wind attack angles. The design of the DC blade is novelty proposed by the authors. The main objective of the study was to determine the influence of the blade cross-section on the propelling torque of a wind turbine with three blades, which is an important parameter for rotor starting. First, experimental studies were carried out in a wind tunnel for real-size blade models. A CFD analysis of the airflow around the blades was then conducted. The obtained results were used to evaluate the suitability of applying the studied blade types in the design of the carousel wind rotor. The assessment compared the drag force and the lift force as well as aerodynamic torque as a function of a wind attack angle. It was concluded that the rotor with three DC blades involved mainly the drag force in contrast to the rotor with three SC blades that also involved the lift force to a greater extent. Despite the rotor with DC blades obtained greater values of the drag forces on the blades, the rotor with SC blades obtained a greater starting torque.]]> Mon, 27 Nov 2023 10:51:26 +0100 Franczyk, Emilia; Małek, Marcin
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Abstrakt: Cutting tools made of the WC-Co sintered carbides are now very popular and are widely used in machining of materials. However, there are numerous problems in this area which require more research and need to be studied further. This paper presents the results of an experimental study aimed at discovering the impact of the microstructure, particularly of the tool substrate grain size, on the quality of the machined surface, cutting forces and temperature in the cutting zone, as well as the tool life. In addition, the impact of the feed was considered. The machining process involved side milling of a cuboidal block made of the AISI 316L steel which, due to its specific properties, is widely used in many industries. The tools used in the tests had different WC phase grain size: 0.18, 0.28 and 0.31 μm, respectively, and moreover the middle specimen had also a non-homogeneous structure and an increased content of the Co matrix. The tests proved a significant impact of the tool microstructure on the tool life and the roughness parameters Ra and Rz of the machined surface. The impact of the studied factors on the forces and the temperature in the cutting zone was not as strong, because it did not exceed 20%. The value and the novel character of the paper results from the fact that it concerns a specific case: side milling of the 316L steel with the use of the WC-Co sintered carbide tools, and consequently provides a contribution to solve a practical industrial issue.]]> Mon, 27 Nov 2023 08:51:00 +0100 Tomczyk, Krzysztof
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Abstrakt: This paper presents an extended calibration procedure for mode accelerometers, which makes it possible to compare the accuracy of sensors of this type from different manufacturers. This comparison involves determining the upper bound on dynamic error for a given quality criterion, i.e., the integral square error and absolute error. Therefore, this article extends the standard calibration implemented in engineering practice using tests, providing a value for the upper bound on dynamic error as an additional parameter describing the accelerometer under consideration. This paper presents the theoretical basis for this type of solution, which is partly based on measurement data obtained from a standard calibration process and on the results of parametric identification. The charge mode accelerometer is considered here because this type of sensor is commonly used in the energy industry, as it can operate over a wide range of temperatures. The calculation results presented in this paper were obtained using MathCad 5.0 software, and the tests were carried out using an accelerometer of type 357B21. In the experimental part of this article (Results of Extended Calibration section), values for the upper bound of the dynamic error were determined for two error criteria and constrained simulation signals related to these errors. The impact of interference on the results of accelerometer tests was omitted in this paper.]]> Mon, 27 Nov 2023 08:46:16 +0100 Sieńko, Tomasz; Szczepanik, Jerzy
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Abstrakt: Increased Penetration of the Polish Power Supply System by renewable sources (RES) leads to a number of serious and new problems. The problems are associated with evacuating energy from producers (particularly visible for PV installations), change in the direction of power flow in the lines of the transmission and distribution system, problems with balancing energy production in the system related to uncertainty production of RES and a limitations in the possibility of control range of classic power plants. The current EU legislation leading to the increase of RES penetration will cause a significant rise appearance of in these problems. In principle these problems are unsolvable without the use of effective and achievable on a large scale methods and technologies of energy storage. The article estimates the generation level, generation variability and possible shortages in wind energy production in Poland in the case of the expansion of wind farms into offshore farms on the Baltic Sea. Data used in paper are based on some years of work inland RES in Poland available from PSE site. The idea is to adjust an operation of the power system to the basic formula of energy production and consumption balance with the required stability margins. A simple algorithm for estimating the size of the energy reserve necessary to stabilize the operation of the power system has been proposed. An important problem is also the assessment of the "geographical premium" (location). Theoretically, with the growth of the analyzed RES production area, the stability of DER production should increase since it become independent from purely local weather conditions.]]> Fri, 24 Nov 2023 09:57:35 +0100 Ściężor, Tomasz; Czaplicka, Anna
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Abstrakt: Place parkingowe, niejednokrotnie o dużej powierzchni, stają się typowym elementem krajobrazu współczesnych miast i ich otoczenia. Można je znaleźć zarówno przy centrach handlowych, jak też w obrębie kompleksów biurowych czy w pobliżu centrów komunikacyjnych. Oświetlenie ich powierzchni musi zapewnić przede wszystkim ochronę zaparkowanych na nich pojazdów oraz ich użytkowników, lecz również w stopniu minimalnym ingerować w środowisko naturalne. W ramach prowadzonych badań wykonano analizę oświetlenia placu parkingowego w jednym z kompleksów biurowych w Katowicach, jak też zespołu placów parkingowych otaczających jedno z centrów handlowych w Krakowie. W obu przypadkach stwierdzono prawidłową konstrukcję wszystkich zastosowanych źródeł światła. Stwierdzono występowanie zjawiska olśnienia, związanego z oświetlaniem sąsiednich budynków. Głównym jednak problemem jest występowanie obszarów niedoświetlonych, co jest związane zarówno z niewłaściwym przestrzennym rozkładem użytych lamp, jak też z ekranowaniem części oświetlenia przez różnego rodzaju obiekty terenowe, takie jak tablice reklamowe czy drzewa.]]> Fri, 24 Nov 2023 09:56:53 +0100 Gupta, Vijay; Herzog, Monika
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Abstrakt: We consider the Post–Widder operators of semi-exponential type, which are a generalization of the exponential operators connected with x2. This modification has the beauty to find difference with other operators, while the original Post–Widder operators do not have such property. We estimate quantitative difference of these operators with Baskakov type operators and Szász–Kantorovich operators, along with some composition of operators. Finally, we further consider a form preserving linear functions and estimate some direct results.]]> Fri, 24 Nov 2023 09:53:36 +0100 Staroń, Anita
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Abstrakt: Used cooking oil after the thermal processing of food constitutes a difficult-to-degrade waste product, the quantities of which are increasing yearly due to the increasing pace of life and the establishment of new food service outlets. Frying allows for the preparation of a large amount of food for consumption in a short time but alters the physical and chemical properties of the oil used, which then becomes harmful to human health. Despite several possibilities for using waste cooking oil, environmentally safe ways to manage it are still being sought. In an effort to reduce the amount of waste, using cooking oil as a binder for the benefit of the construction industry seems plausible. This paper presents a literature review on the use of waste cooking oil to produce composite materials for construction purposes, addressing the process parameters of tipping solid materials comprising vegetable oil as a binder and examining their strength and absorbability. Methods of obtaining oil binders, either comprising vegetable oil alone or various mixtures, are described. In addition, the advantages of producing and using “green” materials are presented.]]> Fri, 24 Nov 2023 09:51:27 +0100 Kubde, Nitin A.; Gulhane, Nitin P.; Taler, Jan; Taler, Dawid
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Abstrakt: This paper presents a comparative analysis of the traditional and advanced pretreatment methods on the Napier Grass used as a biomass. It is a perennial C-4 type grass belongs to a sugarcane family, also called as Pennisetum Purpureum. It is found in abundance all across the world and traditionally used as a cattle feed stock in India. The author made an attempt for better effectiveness of the Napier Grass processing towards better productivity by using various pretreatment methods viz: Spectrophotometry, High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Enzyme Hydrolysis and Sonication. Napier Grass has lignocellulosic fibers with structural carbohydrates that requires pretreatment and enzymatically saccharified before they fermented into monomeric sugars and biofuel. The experimentation is carried out to examine the release of structural carbohydrate from Napier Grass using dilute acid pretreatment. In order to accelerate the process, the protein-rich fungus biomass Rhizopus Oligosporus has been added to the crude Napier Grass juice. It has been observed that, if green processed Napier Grass is treated with 5% concentrated sulfuric acid for a time span of 45 min at 120 ◦C, that results to yield the highest concentration of glucose from hemicellulose and cellulose with the highest quantum of xylose. The experimental result shows an increase in monomeric sugar that released from Napier Grass fibers after enzymatic saccharification process and the xylose and glucose concentrations achieved to 85.5% by dry weight of Napier grass.]]> Fri, 24 Nov 2023 09:50:43 +0100 Staroń, Anita
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Abstrakt: Sustainable development and environmental protection are among the most important challenges facing humanity today. One important issue is the problem of groundwater and surface water pollution which can lead to the degradation of aquatic ecosystems and negatively affect human health. As a result, new methods and materials are being sought that can help remove contaminants from water in an efficient and environmentally friendly manner. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in composite materials made from used cooking oil. This paper presents attempts to obtain composite materials with the addition of nano-sized zinc oxide and titanium oxide. The characterization of the composite materials was performed using FTIR, XRD, and SEM-EDS; their sorption and photocatalytic abilities were studied using batch mode experiments. The materials obtained exhibited sorption and photocatalytic properties. The highest value of photodegradation efficiency of more than 70% was recorded for the oil composite containing 20% zinc oxide. Composites containing 10% zinc oxide and titanium oxide had comparable sorption efficiencies of about 45% but different photodegradation efficiencies of 0.52% and 15.42%, respectively.]]> Fri, 24 Nov 2023 08:05:50 +0100 Linek, Barbara; Łuszczak, Agnieszka; Łuszczak, Marta; Pasechnik, Roman; Schäferd, Wolfgang; Szczurek, Antoni
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Abstrakt: We study the exclusive diffractive photoproduction in ultraperipheral pA collisions. The formalism makes use of off-diagonal generalizations of the unintegrated gluon distribution, the so-called generalized transverse momentum dependent distributions (GTMDs). We present two different formulations. The first one is based directly on gluon GTMD parametrizations in momentum space. Another option is the calculation of the GTMD as a Fourier transform of the dipole-nucleon scattering amplitude N(Y, ⊥, ⊥). The latter approach requires some extra regularization discussed in the paper. Different dipole amplitudes from the literature are used. Compared to previous calculations in the literature, we integrate over the full phase space and therefore cross sections for realistic conditions are obtained. We present distributions in rapidity of c or , transverse momentum of the pair, four-momentum transfer squared as well as the azimuthal correlation between a sum and a difference of the c and transverse momenta. The azimuthal correlations are partially due to the so-called elliptic gluon Wigner distribution. Different models lead to different modulations in the azimuthal angle. The modulations are generally smaller than 5%. They depend on the range of transverse momentum selected for the calculation.]]> Fri, 24 Nov 2023 07:48:04 +0100 Cimochowicz-Rybicka, Małgorzata; Kocwa-Haluch, Renata
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Abstrakt: The results of inhibition of trivalent chromium on methanogenic digestion process have been presented in this paper. The methanogenic activity of anaerobic biomass and toxic doses of Cr(III) for biomass were determined. The biomass from digester operated in a municipal treatment plant was investigated. The research indicated that the 100 mg/1 of Cr(III) dose caused a 9% inhibition while that of 3000mg/1 Cr(III) increased this effect by up to 79%.]]> Wed, 22 Nov 2023 13:55:55 +0100 Pashkevich, Anton; Burghardt, Tomasz E.; Krawiec, Antoni; Piegza, Adrian; Żakowska, Lidia
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Abstrakt: Correct signage belongs to critical factors affecting road traffic safety. During a naturalistic driving study in Poland major mistakes associated with signage were noticed and analysed: road works were announced and speed limits were reduced from 120 km/h to 70−80 km/h, but no road construction could be found. Measurements of drivers’ speed showed their complete disregard of the limitations: average speed of light vehicles remained at 113 km/h and lorries at 88 km/h. Assessment of the encountered 683 road signs revealed 12.5% of them to be inadequate (10.9% falsely informed drivers). Evaluation of contrast ratio of road markings (their replacement was the claimed reason for road work) showed low values both before and after replacement (Weber contrast 0.6). It is hypothesised that erroneous road signage and its contradiction with the visible road features are contributing to the permanent disobedience of traffic rules in Poland and are decreasing road safety.]]> Wed, 22 Nov 2023 13:17:48 +0100 Hiremath, Shivashankar; Shetty, Eeshan; Prakash, Allam Jaya; Sahoo, Suraj Prakash; Patro, Kiran Kumar; Rajesh, Kandala N. V. P. S.; Pławiak, Paweł
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Abstrakt: The internet has become an indispensable tool for organizations, permeating every facet of their operations. Virtually all companies leverage Internet services for diverse purposes, including the digital storage of data in databases and cloud platforms. Furthermore, the rising demand for software and applications has led to a widespread shift toward computer-based activities within the corporate landscape. However, this digital transformation has exposed the information technology (IT) infrastructures of these organizations to a heightened risk of cyber-attacks, endangering sensitive data. Consequently, organizations must identify and address vulnerabilities within their systems, with a primary focus on scrutinizing customer-facing websites and applications. This work aims to tackle this pressing issue by employing data analysis tools, such as Power BI, to assess vulnerabilities within a client’s application or website. Through a rigorous analysis of data, valuable insights and information will be provided, which are necessary to formulate effective remedial measures against potential attacks. Ultimately, the central goal of this research is to demonstrate that clients can establish a secure environment, shielding their digital assets from potential attackers.]]> Wed, 22 Nov 2023 12:41:43 +0100 Pulit-Prociak, Jolanta; Długosz, Olga; Staroń, Anita; Radomski, Piotr; Domagała, Dominik; Banach, Marcin
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Abstrakt: This article addresses issues related to the use of nanoparticles as drug delivery carriers, with a particular focus on titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles. The aim of this study was to obtain TiO2 nanoparticles modified with glutathione in order to inhibit the release of titanium ions and reduce the toxic effects of TiO2 when used as a drug carrier. XRD analysis showed that some of the prepared samples had a crystalline structure, while others were amorphous. The size of crystallites was between 4.1 and 6.2 nm. The presence of glutathione in the structure of TiO2 particles was confirmed through attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared analysis (1,385 and 1,516 cm−1 for δ N–H and ν C═O stretching bands in NH3 + and carboxylic groups). The size and stability of the nanoparticles assessed using the DLS technique revealed that the particles had a size range of 20–50 nm, and the electrokinetic potential of their suspensions was between −40.7 and −50.8 mV. The specific surface area, pore volume, and size were determined using nitrogen sorption. The measured specific surface area was equal to 230–390 m2/g. The amount of titanium ions released from the modified carriers was determined. It was lower by even over 70% compared to the not-modified sample. Also, the study involved the synthesis and characterisation of modified TiO2 nanoparticles loaded with tadalafil. It was found that the release of an active substance from the modified material was less, even 82% compared to the not-modified nanoparticles. Cytotoxic and mutagenic properties in relation to Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were investigated. Titanium oxide nanoparticles modified with glutathione-enhanced CHO cell proliferation at over 60% compared to the reference material. Also, they had a less cytotoxic effect of over 37% compared to the reference material. The obtained materials show satisfactory purity and surface morphology, allowing the formation of carrier–drug interfaces. The results of in vitro studies let us claim that the prepared modified TiO2 nanoparticles have a great potential for being applied as a drug carrier.]]> Wed, 22 Nov 2023 11:30:09 +0100 Zięba, Magdalena; Tyszkiewicz, Cuma; Wojtasik, Katarzyna; Pavłov, Krystian; Chaber, Paweł; Gondek, Ewa; Nizioł, Jacek; Rogoziński, Roman; Kielan, Paweł; Karasiński, Paweł
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Abstrakt: This work reports a study on low-loss waveguide layers for planar evanescent wave sensor applications. Crackfree SiOx:TiOy composite layers with refractive indices of ~1.65, in the visible spectra range, were fabricated using a sol-gel method and a dip-coating technique. Layers of thickness in the 220–360 nm range were produced in a single coating process. By multiple coatings, SiOx:TiOy composite layers of thickness up to 1000 nm were produced. Fabricated layers demonstrated good waveguide properties in the Vis spectral range. The dispersion characteristics of the developed layers refractive index were determined using the spectroscopic ellipsometry method. Spectrophotometric tests validated their optical homogeneity. Using the Tauc method, the widths of optical band gaps were determined, and their high values (Eg > 3.7 eV) attest to the amorphous nature of the layer material. The FT-IR studies testified to Si-O-Ti bonds, an attribute of amorphous SiOx:TiOy composites. The tests of surface morphology of the SiOx:TiOy layers, using atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and optical profilometry, confirmed their high smoothness. Using the m-line method, waveguide properties and optical losses were examined. To facilitate the interpretation of the experimental results, the mode characteristics and the calculated impact of surface morphology of the waveguide layer.]]> Wed, 22 Nov 2023 08:36:37 +0100 Dudzińska, Anna; Kisilewicz, Tomasz; Panasiuk, Ewelina
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Abstrakt: High outdoor temperatures and thermal gains due to solar radiation, which penetrates the interior of buildings as the climate warms up, pose a major challenge to maintaining thermal comfort in passive sports facilities. Superbly insulated and airtight envelopes, specific microclimatic requirements and very high user activity can easily lead to overheating and thermal imbalance during summer. This paper focuses on the influence of the varying thermal capacity of external walls and night-time cooling on thermal comfort in a passive sports hall building. Based on experimental studies of the thermal conditions in the building, a model of it was created in Design Builder. Through simulation, the program initially analysed the thermal conditions that arise under different envelope assemblies. Two different ways of cooling the building at night were then analysed: mechanical and natural. The results presented showed that in a well-insulated sports hall with a large volume, the type of wall material alone had only a limited influence on thermal comfort in summer. In contrast, night-time cooling in integration with the accumulation of cold in the building’s structural components had a significant impact on protection against overheating during the summer. The type of envelope material is even more important when night-time air exchange is high. Intensive natural ventilation is associated with the highest number of hours in the comfort range—28.1–32.4% more hours in relation to the variant without night ventilation. The use of mechanical ventilation, operating at night at maximum capacity, will result in an increase in the number of hours with air temperatures in the −0.5 < PMV < +0.5 range by only 14.1–21.3%. The high thermal mass of the envelope, combined with adequate ventilation, reduces the occurrence of very high indoor air temperatures, thus alleviating the nuisance of overheating. The maximum internal air temperature during the day is lower by 2.4–3.3 K, compared to the case when no night ventilation is used. Mechanical ventilation operating at its maximum capacity can reduce the maximum internal temperature by 1.2–1.6 K.]]> Wed, 22 Nov 2023 08:32:38 +0100 Balzarotti, Riccardo Maria; Campos, Andres Ros; Fabris, Luca Maria Francesco; Verdejo Gimeno, Pedro; Twardowski, Mariusz; Żabicka, Agnieszka
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Abstrakt: The development of the skills and knowledge of architecture students is largely shaped during their study at a Faculty of Architecture. There is another way of improving student knowledge of architecture and urban planning. Apart from Erasmus programmes, there are also other international academic and education programmes as well as international workshops. The Activation of the Public Spaces of Historical City Centres Based on Local Communities, jointly conducted by the Faculty of Architecture of the Cracow University of Technology and the Technical School of the University CEU Cardenal Herrera in Valencia, is one such programme. The outcomes of this form of teaching include not only the knowledge and skills allowing one to deal with new conditions that young people have to face while being put through a lot of stress, but also the effort they put into multiple-days-long conferences, workshops or the preparation of their Bachelor’s in engineering projects. International cooperation and workshops participation have contributed to the enhancement of knowledge about architecture and to the development of participating students' characters.]]> Wed, 22 Nov 2023 08:30:31 +0100 Dudek, Katarzyna
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]]> Wed, 22 Nov 2023 08:28:08 +0100 Kowalska, Aneta
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Abstrakt: W sprawozdaniu opisano przebieg XL Jubileuszowej Konferencji Problemowej Bibliotek Medycznych „Na gruncie praktyki”, która odbyła się 11–12 września 2023 r. w Krakowie. Organizatorem spotkania była Biblioteka Medyczna Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego – Collegium Medicum w Krakowie, a Stowarzyszenie EBIB objęło je patronatem medialnym. Zasadniczą część wydarzenia stanowiły zajęcia warsztatowe i praca zespołowa. Pochylono się nad zagadnieniami dotyczącymi: systemów zarządzania wiedzą w uczelniach medycznych, polskiej wersji Medical Subject Headings®, procesu przygotowywania przeglądów systematycznych, zarządzania danymi badawczymi, kształtowania zespołu biblioteki akademickiej. Przestrzeń posterowa i poświęcona temu sesja dały możliwość podzielenia się pragmatyczną stroną zawodu bibliotekarza, działaniami z zakresu szeroko pojmowanej informacji naukowej.]]> Wed, 22 Nov 2023 08:25:12 +0100 Gałek, Helena
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Abstrakt: W artykule omówiono problematykę funkcjonowania repozytorium danych badawczych RODBUK (wspólnej inicjatywy uczelni krakowskich) ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem rozwiązań organizacyjnych i merytorycznych Politechniki Krakowskiej. Przedstawiono szereg inicjatyw Biblioteki Politechniki Krakowskiej w zakresie funkcjonowania repozytorium, współpracy ze środowiskiem akademickim jak i wkład pracy w proces gromadzenia, zarządzania i archiwizacji danych badawczych macierzystej uczelni.]]> Tue, 21 Nov 2023 12:56:56 +0100 Zieliński, Rafał
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Abstrakt: The problem described in this study concerns the processes accompanyingthe revitalisation of waterfronts in urban public areas. This article has beenan attempt to analyse the latest waterfront transformations and to extend theknowledge on shaping of public green spaces in riverbank areas. The purpose of the study was to analyse and introduce the typology of urbangreen areas located along the waterfronts, concentrated around continuouswalking or cycling routes. Another assumption of the author was to indicate thefactors determining the vitality and activisation of these areas. The applied research methodology was based on factors shaping the coastalspace, which the author presented as a group named “waterfront linearity”.Moreover, his paper examines the latest waterfront revitalisation undertakenin Rouen, Bordeaux, Lyon. The conclusions found in this paper constitute an important element of researchstudies devoted to the ways of shaping green areas in the immediate vicinityof rivers as well as studies in the area of environmental psychology.]]> Tue, 21 Nov 2023 12:47:24 +0100 Dudzic-Gyurkovich, Karolina
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Abstrakt: This paper discusses housing areas from the perspective of meeting the livingneeds of families. In recent decades, significant changes have been observedin Poland both in terms of the formation of new housing complexes and insocial expectations regarding living conditions. The new housing complexesdiffer significantly from the traditional, typical ones with distinctive architectureand low-standard common spaces, commonly referred to as panel blockhousing estates. Previous research on housing environment quality generallypoints to the need to create developments that provide the highest possiblequality of life. These studies focused on the problems of one particular groupof residents, such as children, seniors or people with disabilities. However,families, which make up a significant portion of the population and are importantusers, have not been adequately addressed in urban planning studies to date.Therefore, this problem merits investigation and existing research methods orurban development concepts that can be used to evaluate residential areasshould be identified as should factors and spatio-functional characteristics ofresidential areas that can influence the creation of high-quality space for families.This study, based on a literature review, evaluated two selected developmentmodels in terms of providing optimal living conditions for families. It was foundthat current proposals may be useful in determining features of family-dedicatedspace, yet they display a range of deficiencies that should be addressed.The study’s conclusions can be used as a basis for further investigation and asrecommendations in the context of planning and urban policymaking.]]> Tue, 21 Nov 2023 10:33:54 +0100 Taczalska-Ryniak, Anna
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Abstrakt: The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated digitisation processes, improved remote communication systems and revolutionised office work systems. It is highly probable that all of these changes will convert office areas and office management in the near future. Remote work has brought employers attention to their employees’ health and wellbeing, as they have been proven to be the main driving force in their companies. Additionally, there is a growing interest in certifying buildings according to the principles of the WELL Building Standard, a system that focuses on evaluating those design and organisational aspects that have a direct impact on the wellbeing of building users. This publication is intended as a review, and the aim of this article is to analyse if following WELL certification rules can help to design a modern office that suits a post-pandemic society.]]> Tue, 21 Nov 2023 10:11:54 +0100 Berezowski, Marek
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Abstrakt: In this paper it was shown that all prime numbers lie on 96 half-lines. At the same time, it was shown that if a given number does not lie on any of the above half-lines, then it is a composite number. A corresponding linear mathematical relationship was also derived and it was shown that all prime numbers must satisfy it. If a given number does not satisfy the above dependence, then it is a composite number. One linear equation and 8 numbers are enough to carry out all of the above-mentioned analyses. In addition, the astonishing cyclical nature of the occurrence of composite numbers in the set of natural numbers has been demonstrated.]]> Mon, 20 Nov 2023 14:06:00 +0100 Generowicz, Natalia; Makara, Agnieszka; Kowalski, Zygmunt; Kulczycka, Joanna
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Abstrakt: Facilities in power plants and thermal power plants must operate at high efficiency. Their efficiency largely depends on the quality of water as a cooling medium. Water is the most commonly used cooling medium in processes because it is generally available and has a large thermal capacity. The use of water results in a variety of consequences. The different compositions of water can cause scale deposits and contribute to the corrosion of system components. The exacerbation of the problem depends on the composition of the water and the operating conditions of the system. The lack of a low-cost and quick way to remove accumulated deposits that is also safe due to the chemicals used means that cleaning the system of deposits is not widely undertaken, especially in cases of small thermal power plants. Therefore, chemical cleaning is an extremely important part of plant operation. Due to the often-individual characteristics of each installation and the different sources of water as a refrigerant, it is important to know the different methods of descaling an installation. This article provides an overview of methods for descaling installations. Each of them has its own specific properties, allowing an individual approach to boiler scale removal.]]> Mon, 20 Nov 2023 14:02:09 +0100 Chwastowski, Jarosław; Staroń, Paweł
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Abstrakt: The sorption process of chromium(VI) and cadmium(II) onto avocado peel (AP) and its pyrolyzed version (PAP) was carried out. The pyrolysis process was investigated in a tube furnace under inert gas conditions (argon) using a temperature equal to 750 °C. A constant mass of used materials and metal solution volume of 0.5 g and 20 cm3 , respectively, were chosen for the investigation of the sorption process. Different isotherm models were fitted to describe the process parameters. According to the obtained results and the model that provided the best fit according to the correlation coefficient R2 , the removal process is best described by the D-R model (R2 = 0.993 and 0.918; qd = 5.78 and 6.02 mg/g) for Cr(VI) and the Freundlich for Cd(II) ions (R2 = 0.999 and 0.911; Kf = 0.2712 and 0.2952 (mg1−(1/n)(dm3)1/ng−1))) for AP and PAP, respectively). The highest level of adsorption capacities reached 6.0 (AP)–7.1 (PAP) and 9.7 (AP)–10.3 (PAP) mg/g for chromium and cadmium ions, respectively. The kinetic modeling showed that in all of the adsorption processes, the best-fitting model was the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, suggesting the occurrence of a chemical reaction between ions and the surface of the used materials.]]> Mon, 20 Nov 2023 12:42:33 +0100 Zemła, Marcin; Michałowski, Sławomir; Prociak, Aleksander
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Abstrakt: In this study, rigid polyurethane foams modified with non-halogenated flame retardant were obtained. The foams were synthesized using two systems containing different blowing agents. In the first one, cyclopentane and water were used as a mixture of blowing agents, and in the second one, only water was used as a chemical blowing agent. The systems were modified with the additive phosphorus flame retardant Roflam F5. The obtained modified foams were tested for their flammability and basic properties, such as apparent density, closed-cell contents and analyses of the cell structures, thermal conductivity, mechanical properties, and water absorption. Increasing the content of Roflam F5 caused a decrease in temperature during the combustion of the material and extended the burning time. The addition of 1.0 wt.% phosphorus derived from Roflam F5 caused the modified rigid polyurethane foam to become a self-extinguishing material. The increase in the content of Roflam F5 caused a decrease in the total heat release and the maximum heat release rate during the pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry. The foams with the highest content of flame retardant and foamed with a chemical-physical and chemical blowing agent had a lower total heat release by 19% and 11%, respectively, compared to reference foams.]]> Mon, 20 Nov 2023 08:50:07 +0100 Chwastowski, Jarosław; Guzik, Maciej; Bednarz, Szczepan; Staroń, Paweł
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Abstrakt: This study investigated the possibility of using the spent kind of biomass of Pseudomonas putida CA-3 and Zobelella denitrificans MW1 obtained after the pilot-scale production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) as a biosorbent for the bioremediation of aqueous solutions containing toxic cadmium and lead ions. The material was characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and amino acid profiling. To check the sorption capacity of spent biomass against Pb and Cd ions, equilibrium studies were performed. To learn about the nature of the sorption process, kinetic modelling was carried out and the obtained results showed that the adsorption process is best described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (PSO), which suggests that the sorption process is connected with the chemical bonding of the ions on the sorbent surface. Information provided by the amino acid profile made it possible to predict the adsorption mechanism and FTIR analysis proved the participation of different chemical groups in the removal process. According to the equilibrium studies, the best-fitted isotherm was the Freundlich model for all used materials and metal ions considering the correlation coefficient. Summarizing the results, the spent biomass after the PHA production is an effective biosorbent and can be reused for heavy metal bioremediation.]]> Mon, 20 Nov 2023 08:47:25 +0100 Stachak, Piotr; Łukaszewska, Izabela; Ozimek, Jan; Raftopoulos, Konstantinos Nikolaou; Bukowczan, Artur; Hebda, Edyta; Bujalance Calduch, Carlos; Pielichowski, Krzysztof
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Abstrakt: This work reports on the synthesis of non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) obtained via the polyaddition of diamines: dimer fatty acid-derived diamine (DFA diamine) or polyether diamine (PPO diamine) with five-membered tri(cyclic carbonate) by a pre-polymerization method. The obtained NIPUs were further chemically modified by polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) – glycidylisobutyl POSS (1epPOSS). The resulting reinforced composites, containing 5, 10 or 15 wt% 1epPOSS, were characterized in terms of their structure (FTIR, NMR, XRD), microstructure (SEM-EDS) and thermo-mechanical properties (DMA). FTIR confirmed the formation of polyurethanes, and NMR proved the chemical incorporation of 1epPOSS. XRD and SEM-EDS showed a uniform distribution of 1epPOSS in the matrix for low 1epPOSS concentration, with some agglomeration effects depending on the concentration of 1epPOSS. DMA indicated mechanical reinforcement of NIPUs based on DFA diamine. For NIPUs synthesized with PPO diamine, the composite with the highest 1epPOSS loading (15 wt%) exhibited superior mechanical properties in comparison to the pristine matrix, confirmed by both DMA and static stretching test.]]> Mon, 20 Nov 2023 08:44:51 +0100 Stafin, Krzysztof; Śliwa, Paweł; Piątkowski, Marek
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Abstrakt: The alveolar bone is a unique type of bone, and the goal of bone tissue engineering (BTE) is to develop methods to facilitate its regeneration. Currently, an emerging trend involves the fabrication of polycaprolactone (PCL)-based scaffolds using a three-dimensional (3D) printing technique to enhance an osteoconductive architecture. These scaffolds are further modified with hydroxyapatite (HA), type I collagen (CGI), or chitosan (CS) to impart high osteoinductive potential. In conjunction with cell therapy, these scaffolds may serve as an appealing alternative to bone autografts. This review discusses research gaps in the designing of 3D-printed PCL-based scaffolds from a biomimetic perspective. The article begins with a systematic analysis of biological mineralisation (biomineralisation) and ossification to optimise the scaffold’s structural, mechanical, degradation, and surface properties. This scaffold-designing strategy lays the groundwork for developing a research pathway that spans fundamental principles such as molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and fabrication techniques. Ultimately, this paves the way for systematic in vitro and in vivo studies, leading to potential clinical applications.]]> Fri, 17 Nov 2023 09:40:46 +0100 Błaszczyk, Beata
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