http://suw.biblos.pk.edu.pl/ Biblioteka Politechniki Krakowskiej lipinska@biblos.pk.edu.pl 60 Thu, 07 Dec 2023 15:26:13 +0100 Zima, Krzysztof; Mitera-Kiełbasa, Ewelina
rodzaj: materiały konferencyjne w książce
Abstrakt: The aim of the article is to present a system supporting the technical acceptance process of flats in multi-family buildings based on a plugin to IFC viewer and BIM model. A system based on a plugin for a free IFC file viewer – BIM vision was shown. The system is aimed at supporting the identification of defects in individual rooms, assessing their significance along with estimating the time and cost of defect repairs. Then, the plugin allows to collect and add descriptions of the acceptance or non-acceptance of a building element in the IFC file of the building BIM model. The system is based on historical data on the occurrence of construction defects, which facilitates the identification of defects during commissioning. A helpful module is the chatbot module, which suggests where and what defects occur most often after asking a series of questions about the type of object, rooms, their location in the building and etc. The result of the plugin activities is also the planned time of removing defects from the database created as a result of measurements of the time of works on the construction site and the planned cost from the database of costs of removing defects. The article presents the concept of such system along with an explanation of the operation principles all its individual modules.]]> Thu, 07 Dec 2023 15:17:09 +0100 Gołębiowski, Tomisław
rodzaj: artykuł w czasopiśmie
Abstrakt: In the paper, non-standard signal and image processing applied for the GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) data record for various antennae orientations was presented and discussed. The terrain surveys were carried out in the post-mining region in Poland where numerous sinkholes and subsidence areas were observed on the surface due to the former mining activity. The GPR surveys were conducted between two existing sinkholes and the aim of measurements was detection of loose zones in the ground created by suffosion process which caused the formation of the mentioned two sinkholes. In the paper, the Author proposed a new way of processing and analysis of radargrams based on three steps, i.e. 1D more advanced processing of signals/traces, 2D more advanced image processing of combined radarogram, visualisation and analysis of selected signal attributes.]]> Thu, 07 Dec 2023 15:12:53 +0100 Guzdek, Paweł
rodzaj: rozprawa doktorska
]]> Thu, 07 Dec 2023 15:07:51 +0100 Janowski, Zbigniew; Matysek, Piotr
rodzaj: artykuł w czasopiśmie
Abstrakt: Scharakteryzowano materiały do sprężonych konstrukcji murowych. Podano właściwości mechaniczne i fizyczne murów. Omówiono zasady obliczania i przykłady realizacji sprężonych konstrukcji murowych.]]> Thu, 07 Dec 2023 13:51:56 +0100 Zielina, Michał; Pawłowska-Salach, Agata; Kaczmarski, Karol
rodzaj: artykuł w czasopiśmie
Abstrakt: A passive wedge screen, thanks to its many functional and environmental advantages, has recently become a popular type of surface water intake for municipal and industrial purposes. The design solutions proposed in this paper for a passive wedge wire screen intake model and two different deflectors have been experimentally tested under conditions that can be considered as no-flow conditions at the hydraulic flume. There was only a slight flow associated with the operation of the screen, while there was almost no flow in the hydraulic channel itself, such that it would be considered a watercourse. A hydraulic analysis was carried out, including velocity distribution around the screen as well as the determination of head losses with or without deflectors installed inside the screen. Lower inlet and inflow velocities to the surface of the water intake reduce the risk of injury or death to small fish and fry as well as attracting pollutants understood as sediments, debris, and plant remains floating in the river. In order to achieve the lowest possible maximum inlet and inflow velocities at the highest possible intake capacity, it was necessary to equalize the approach velocity distributions. It was shown that by using the proposed deflectors, the approach velocity distributions were equalized and the maximum values of inflow and inlet velocities were reduced. A water intake screen with a deflector with an uneven porosity distribution equalized the approach velocities better than a deflector with equal openings, but the differences were small. Installing the wedge screen model reduced the maximum inlet velocity from exceeding 2 m/s to a value of 0.08 m/s, and after installing deflectors with equal and unequal openings to values of 0.06 m/s and 0.05 m/s, respectively. In addition to laboratory tests, the paper describes the numerical simulations performed in ANSYS Fluent software. The results of the simulations made it possible to obtain a broader study, as well as to compare the velocity values obtained at the measuring points during the laboratory tests.]]> Thu, 07 Dec 2023 13:49:15 +0100 Hrehorowicz-Gaber, Hanna; Ciepiela, Agnieszka; Hrehorowicz-Nowak, Alicja
rodzaj: artykuł w czasopiśmie
Abstrakt: A harmoniously shaped cultural landscape provides the basis for protecting the identity of a place. Cataloging spatial values and development forms is an element of the spatial policy of the municipalities of the Wiśnicz foothills and the statutory protection activities of the Complex of Landscape Parks of the Małopolska Voivodeship. The method and results of the research presented in this article were developed for the purpose of identifying architectural forms and patterns for the Wiśnicko-Lipnicki Landscape Park. It takes into account the protection of traditional architectural elements in relation to basic types of development and contains proposals for solutions referring to the local building tradition, harmonizing with the landscape, promoting landscape-friendly forms. It is also a guideline for newly created strategies and planning documents in municipalities.]]> Thu, 07 Dec 2023 10:32:18 +0100 Prończuk, Mateusz; Pabiś, Aleksander
rodzaj: artykuł w czasopiśmie
Abstrakt: This paper presents the results of an analysis of heat transfer in a cross- flow mini heat exchanger (CFMHE). Thepurpose of the paper was to analyze the results of the experimental measurements presented in the previous workin order to determine dimensionless correlations that allow for the calculation of heat transfer coef ficients forthe CFMHE. Analyzed CFMHE consisted of a brass cylindrical core, in which 2 mm circular holes were drilled. A method based on an optimization procedure was used to determine the correlations describing the heat trans-fer coef ficients, allowing the correlations to be determined without the need of measuring the mini channel walltemperature. Overall heat transfer coef ficients calculated using the proposed correlations typically did not deviateby more than ±10% from the corresponding experimental results, which was a signi ficant improvement in thequality of the fit compared to the results presented in previous work.]]> Thu, 07 Dec 2023 09:55:10 +0100 Marczyk, Joanna; Bąk, Agnieszka; Figiela, Beata; Bazan, Patrycja; Łach, Michał
rodzaj: materiały konferencyjne w książce
Abstrakt: Geopolymers are amorphous materials belonging to the group of inorganic aluminosilicate binders. The geopolymerization process takes place by activating reactive pozzolanic raw materials, such as e.g. fly ash or metakaolin, with alkaline solutions. Geopolymers, because they emit less CO2 than traditional Portland cement, are an excellent alternative for use in the construction industry. Moreover, the production of geopolymer foams can have a particular impact on reducing the environmental footprint of building materials. The porous structure of the geopolymer improves its thermal insulation properties, which may contribute to reducing the energy consumption of buildings. As part of this work, foamed geopolymer materials with the addition of phase change materials (PCM) were prepared. These are materials with absorptive and accumulation abilities. In the paper, the impact of the addition of phase change materials on the thermal and mechanical properties of geopolymer foams was assessed. Acrylic PCM under the trade name Micronal 28S (Microtek Laboratories, Inc, United States) was introduced into the geopolymer paste in the proportion of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%. The prepared materials were tested for specific heat, thermal conductivity, compressive strength, and microscopic observations. From a sustainability point of view, foamed geopolymers have many advantages over traditionally used materials. Mainly because their use can significantly reduce the burden on the environment. In addition, due to their good thermal resistance, geopolymers can be widely used in the construction industry.]]> Thu, 07 Dec 2023 09:50:20 +0100 Bąk, Agnieszka; Marczyk, Joanna; Pławecka, Kinga; Bazan, Patrycja; Łach, Michał
rodzaj: materiały konferencyjne w książce
Abstrakt: Geopolymer materials are made from anthropogenic raw materials and waste materials from the energy industry. In order to produce them, an alkaline activator is needed, which is responsible for the processes of dissolution of raw materials and their subsequent binding. Currently, geopolymers are considered a future-oriented material that can replace previously used cement-based products. Geopolymer insulation materials are becoming increasingly popular. This paper presents the results of the study of foamed geopolymer composites based on fly ash, natural fibers, and phase change materials. The study used 3 different types of fibers and 2 phase change materials from Rubbitherm Technologies GmbH of Germany. The PCMs differed not only in the temperature of the phase change but also in the form they are in. A 10-mole solution of sodium hydroxide with an aqueous solution of sodium silicate was used to activate the geopolymers. The publication presents the results of the thermal conductivity coefficient and specific heat of the finished foams. Compressive strength tests of the samples were also carried out after 28 days. Using an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope, macroscopic and microscopic images of the fabricated composites were also taken. The results showed that the material has the potential to be used in various industrial sectors, but the main area of application is construction and structural insulation materials. The presented research results indicate the great potential of these composites as an energy and environmentally sustainable material. ]]> Thu, 07 Dec 2023 09:18:12 +0100 Łukaszewska, Izabela; Bukowczan, Artur; Raftopoulos, Konstantinos N.; Pielichowski, Krzysztof
rodzaj: artykuł w czasopiśmie
Abstrakt: PEO-based non-isocyanate polyhydroxyurethane (NIPU, PHU) networks physically modified with octa(3-hydroxy-3methylbutyldimethylsiloxy)POSS (8OHPOSS) were synthesized via one-pot one-step approach. POSS was introduced into the polymer matrix in the amount of 1–10 wt%. Polar hydroxyls on the vertex groups of POSS allowed for uniform dispersion even up to high loadings (10 wt%). Composites exhibit enhanced thermal stability in comparison to the pristine matrix. FTIR analysis confirmed that POSS strengthens the hydrogen bonding in the material. Upon POSS introduction, plasticization was observed with a peculiar trend change at POSS loadings over 5 wt%. Glass transition temperature of highly crystalline 8OHPOSS was measured and reported to be at around 3 °C. NIPUs at hand exhibit high water absorption (around 200 wt%) typical for hydrogels. Swelling studies show that 8OHPOSS enhances PHUs hydrogels absorption capacity in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Higher absorption capacity in PBS solution in comparison to distilled water is an uncommon phenomenon in hydrogels.]]> Thu, 07 Dec 2023 09:13:40 +0100 Baran-Gurgul, Katarzyna; Kołodziejczyk, Katarzyna; Rutkowska, Agnieszka
rodzaj: artykuł w czasopiśmie
Abstrakt: The aim of this article is to analyse the spatial variability of SNQ, the average annual minimum river flow, as well as SNQm (m = 1, 2, …12), the average monthly minimum river flow in Poland. The data were obtained from the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute (IMWM-NRI) in form of the daily flow series from the period between 01 Nov 1990 and 31 Oct 2020 from 433 gauging cross-sections located within the territory of Poland. The results of the analyses are presented on maps of the physiographic regions of Poland (the Coastlands, the Lakelands, the Lowlands, the Highlands, the Carpathians and the Sudety Mountains). In order to compare SNqm - the unit average minimum monthly flow between the physiographic regions, the Kruskal-Wallis test with the Dunn (Bonferroni) adjustment was performed. In order to evaluate the spatial variability of the SNqm, the hypothesis was verified for each gauging station that the Spearman correlation coefficient between the SNqm and the zero point of the gauge was different from zero. During a year, the SNqm flow changed. As expected, the highest values were observed in March and April, and the lowest in July and August. Regardless of the month, the rivers in the central part of Poland (the Lowlands) were less water abundant than in other regions of the country while the greatest flows were observed in the mountain rivers. Statistically, no difference was observed between the SNqm in the Coastlands, the Carpathians and the Sudety Mts., and in nearly all of the months between the SNQm in the Lakelands and the Lowlands. In the whole territory of Poland, the river flow was dependent on the altitude of the catchment, while the strongest correlation was observed in the mountain regions. ]]> Thu, 07 Dec 2023 07:58:40 +0100 Maslak, Mariusz; Pazdanowski, Michał
rodzaj: artykuł w czasopiśmie
Abstrakt: A numerical example allowing for effective forecasting of the remaining service time for corroded steel shell of a tank used to store liquid petroleum fuels is presented. This time is interpreted here as a period of time counted from the moment of an obligatory tank shell inspection to the moment of the anticipated shell failure understood as the loss of the capacity to safely resist the loads applied to it. Reaching the limit value of failure probability, i.e. the highest probability of failure acceptable to the tank user, is in this approach a determinant of such failure. The detailed considerations pertain to a typical on-the-ground storage tank equipped with a floating roof, located in one of fuel depots in the south of Poland. The forecast has been prepared based on measurements of the random thickness of tank shell weakened by corrosion and measured after 27 years of service time. In the recommended analysis fully probabilistic computational procedures have been applied. This led to a more credible and less conservative service time assessment than the one usually determined via the traditional standard approach. For comparativepurposes qualitatively different but formally corresponding safety measures have been applied to describe the obtained results.]]> Thu, 07 Dec 2023 07:56:02 +0100 Bukowczan, Artur; Raftopoulos, Konstantinos N.; Pielichowski, Krzysztof
rodzaj: artykuł w czasopiśmie
Abstrakt: A series of fibrous meshes based on liquid crystalline polyurethane/POSS composites were prepared. Two types of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSSs) of different structures were chosen to show their influence on electrospun fibers: aromatic-substituted Trisilanolphenyl POSS (TSP-POSS) and isobutyl-substituted Trisilanolisobutyl POSS (TSI-POSS) in amounts of 2 and 6 wt%. The process parameters were selected so that the obtained materials showed the highest possible fiber integrity. Moreover, 20 wt% solutions of LCPU/POSS composites in hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) were found to give the best processability. The morphology of the obtained meshes showed significant dependencies between the type and amount of silsesquioxane nanoparticles and fiber morphology, as well as thermal and mechanical properties. In total, 2 wt%. POSS was found to enhance the mechanical properties of produced mesh without disrupting the fiber morphology. Higher concentrations of silsesquioxanes significantly increased the fibers’ diameters and their inhomogeneity, resulting in a lower mechanical response. A calorimetric study confirmed the existence of liquid crystalline phase formation.]]> Thu, 07 Dec 2023 07:53:14 +0100 Charciarek, Marcin
rodzaj: materiały konferencyjne w książce
Abstrakt: Głównym celem artykułu jest prezentacja idei przemysłowego budowania domów w technologii prefabrykacji betonu. Pośród analizowanych przykładów historycznych i współczesnych tekst ukazuje autorskie projekty domów w technologii prefabrykacji betonowej będących próbą odzwierciedlenia utrwalonych w architekturze – racjonalnych (a więc najprostszych) stylistyk architektonicznych. Taka estetyka wynikająca z elementarnego podejścia do problemu funkcji, formy i materii wydaje się podstawą budowania świata architektury mieszkaniowej na najbliższe dziesięciolecia. Dodatkowym celem pracy jest wskazanie metody wykorzystującej narzędzia będących podstawą tworzenia w betonowej prefabrykacji – powtarzalności produkcji, modułowości struktury architektonicznej, standardu, stosowanie geometrii kąta prostego, ekonomizacja i racjonalizacja problemów techniczno-budowlanych.]]> Wed, 06 Dec 2023 13:09:41 +0100 Maślak, Mariusz; Pańtak, Marek; Pazdanowski, Michał
rodzaj: materiały konferencyjne w książce
]]> Wed, 06 Dec 2023 09:47:26 +0100 Wiśniewski, Robert; Kania, Agata; Wiesław, Zima; Taler, Jan
rodzaj: artykuł w czasopiśmie
Abstrakt: The paper presents the first off-grid system designed to supply electricity to the equipment mounted on components of the district heating network in district heating chambers. The proposed off-grid system is equipped, among other things, with a turbine and a generator intended for electricity production. On-grid power supply is a common way of providing electricity with strictly defined, known and verified operating parameters. For off-grid power supply, however, there are no documented testing results showing such parameters. This paper presents selected results of tests and measurements carried out during the operation of an off-grid supply system powering the equipment installed in a district heating chamber. The values of voltage obtained from a turbine-driven generator are analysed in detail. The analysis results can be used as the basis for further works aiming to optimize the off-grid system of electricity supply to devices installed in district heating chambers.]]> Wed, 06 Dec 2023 09:31:41 +0100 Rajendran, Sundarakannan; Palani, Geetha; Shanmugam, Vigneshwaran; Trilaksanna, Herri; Kannan, Karthik; Nykiel, Marek; Korniejenko, Kinga; Marimuthu, Uthayakumar
rodzaj: artykuł w czasopiśmie
Abstrakt: This comprehensive review investigates the potential of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) as a highly effective adsorbent for organic dye degradation. Al2O3 emerges as a promising solution to address environmental challenges associated with dye discharge due to its solid ceramic composition, robust mechanical properties, expansive surface area, and exceptional resistance to environmental degradation. The paper meticulously examines recent advancements in Al2O3-based materials, emphasizing their efficacy in both organic dye degradation and adsorption. Offering a nuanced understanding of Al2O3’s pivotal role in environmental remediation, this review provides a valuable synthesis of the latest research developments in the field of dye degradation. It serves as an insightful resource, emphasizing the significant potential of aluminum oxide in mitigating the pressing environmental concerns linked to organic dye discharge. The application of Al2O3-based catalysts in the photocatalytic treatment of multi-component organic dyes necessitates further exploration, particularly in addressing real-world wastewater complexities]]> Wed, 06 Dec 2023 07:31:14 +0100 Žáček, Jiří; Goldasz, Janusz; Sapinski, Bogdan; Sedlačík, Michal; Strecker, Zbyněk; Kubík, Michal
rodzaj: artykuł w czasopiśmie
Abstrakt: Magnetorheological (MR) fluids have been known to react to magnetic fields of sufficient magnitudes. While in the presence of the field, the material develops a yield stress. The tunable property has made it attractive in, e.g., semi-active damper applications in the vibration control domain in particular. Within the context of a given application, MR fluids can be exploited in at least one of the fundamental operating modes (flow, shear, squeeze, or gradient pinch mode) of which the gradient pinch mode has been the least explored. Contrary to the other operating modes, the MR fluid volume in the flow channel is exposed to a non-uniform magnetic field in such a way that a Venturi-like contraction is developed in a flow channel solely by means of a solidified material in the regions near the walls rather than the mechanically driven changes in the channel’s geometry. The pinch-mode rheology of the material has made it a potential candidate for developing a new category of MR valves. By convention, a pinch-mode valve features a single flow channel with poles over which a non-uniform magnetic field is induced. In this study, the authors examine ways of extending the dynamic range of pinch-mode valves by employing a number of such arrangements (stages) in series. To accomplish this, the authors developed a prototype of a multi-stage (three-stage) valve, and then compared its performance against that of a single-stage valve across a wide range of hydraulic and magnetic stimuli. To summarize, improvements of the pinch-mode valve dynamic range are evident; however, at the same time, it is hampered by the presence of serial air gaps in the flow channel.]]> Wed, 06 Dec 2023 07:28:00 +0100 Anielak, Anna Maria; Michał, Polus; Diakun, Helena; Radomska-Kreft, Izabela
rodzaj: artykuł w czasopiśmie
Abstrakt: This study researched the use of biofilms to remove nitrogen compounds from municipal sewages at low temperatures, especially in winter. An aluminosilicate substrate was used to create a biofilm, which has an affinity for ammonium ions. The selection of biofilm-forming microorganisms has been shown to occur on aluminosilicate. This substrate is mainly inhabited by microorganisms that remove nitrogen compounds. As a result, microorganisms protected against external factors in the biofilm effectively remove nitrogen compounds. The TN content in sewage treated at a temperature of 10 °C was of a 4 mg/L order and was 3–5 times lower than in the reference system (classical conditions). This process involves shortened nitrification/denitrification such as Anammox. As a result of a given process, CO2 emissions were reduced and much smaller amounts of NOx were produced, positively impacting the ongoing climate changes. Microbiological DNA/RNA tests have shown that the biofilm is primarily composed of archaea and bacteria that remove nitrogen compounds, including those that oxidize ammonia.]]> Wed, 06 Dec 2023 07:23:19 +0100 Zięba, Magdalena; Tyszkiewicz, Cuma; Gondek, Ewa; Wojtasik, Katarzyna; Nizioł, Jacek; Dorosz, Dominik; Starzyk,  Bartłomiej; Szymczak, Patryk; Pakieła, Wojciech; Rogoziński, Roman; Karasiński, Paweł
rodzaj: artykuł w czasopiśmie
Abstrakt: Titania dioxide (TiO2) layers were synthesized via the acid-catalysed sol-gel route using titania (IV) ethoxide, and then annealed at temperatures varying in the range of 150-700 °C. The research concerned the effect of annealing temperature on the structure of TiO2 layers, their surface morphology, and their optical properties. Further, X-ray diffractometry, and Raman spectroscopy were used to determine the structure of TiO2 layers. Scanning electron and atomic force microscopy were used to study the surface morphology of TiO2 layers. Transmittance, reflectance, absorption edge, and optical homogeneity were investigated by UV-VIS spectrophotometry, while the refractive index and thicknesses of TiO2 layers were measured using a monochromatic ellipsometer. Chromatic dispersion characteristics of the complex refractive index were determined using spectroscopic ellipsometry. Structural studies have shown that the TiO2 layers annealed at temperatures up to 300 °C are amorphous, while those annealed at temperatures exceeding 300 °C are polycrystalline containing only anatase nanocrystals with sizes increasing from 6 to 20 nm with the increase of the annealing temperature. Investigations on the surface morphology of TiO2 layers have shown that the surface roughness increases with the increase in annealing temperature. Spectrophotometric investigations have shown that TiO2 layers are homogeneous and the width of the indirect optical band gap varies with annealing temperature from 3.53 eV to 3.73 eV.]]> Wed, 06 Dec 2023 07:20:28 +0100 Pietrzak, Tobiasz; Bratek, Łukasz
rodzaj: materiały konferencyjne w czasopiśmie
Abstrakt: The clock hypothesis plays an important role in the theory of relativity. To test this hypothesis, a mechanical model of an ideal clock is needed. Such a model should have the phase of its intrinsic periodic motion increasing linearly with the affine parameter of the clock’s center of mass worldline. A class of relativistic rotators introduced by Staruszkiewicz in the context of an ideal clock is studied. A singularity in the inverse Legendre transform leading from the Hamiltonian to the Lagrangian leads to new possible Lagrangians characterized by fixed values of mass and spin. In free motion the rotators exhibit intrinsic motion with the speed of light and fixed frequency.]]> Wed, 06 Dec 2023 07:16:26 +0100 Mityushev, Vladimir
rodzaj: artykuł w czasopiśmie
Abstrakt: The constructive theory of analytical higher-order contrast bounds for the effective constants of dispersed conducting and piezoelectric fibrous composites is developed. The lower-order bounds, e.g., Wiener and Hashin--Shtrikman bounds, are universal for composites but do not take into account interactions among inclusions corresponding to their location. To study the variety of dispersed random composites, we use computationally effective structural sums directly relating the location of inclusions to the effective constants. The present paper is the first report where the structural sums are applied to higher-order contrast bounds instead of the virtually impossible in computation multipoint correlation functions. We concentrate our attention on two-phase conducting fibrous composites. Rylko's matrix decomposition is used for the higher-order contrast bounds to extend the obtained analytical bounds to piezoelectric fibrous composites. The supplementary materials contain the results of numerical-symbolic computations, the long analytical formulas for the effective constants and bounds up to O(f 17), where f stands for concentration.]]> Tue, 05 Dec 2023 17:53:28 +0100 Haupt, Patrycja; Kazanecka-Olejnik, Lea
rodzaj: artykuł w czasopiśmie
Abstrakt: This article is based on the findings and results of a survey taken among final-year architecture students working on public space analysis and proposals. The study’s objective was to assess the students’ ability to define the investigated problems in four aspects - spatial, cultural contextual, ethical and environmental, then propose solutions based on the findings. The investigation was focused on the possible approach to public space design - top-down and bottom-up. Top-down changes are usually created by authorities, architects or developers, who have the resources to initiate large-scale transformations of public spaces. Bottom-up processes are introduced by local communities and are driven by the needs of the specific community. The concern was whether graduate students are prepared to design public spaces using both methods, and whether they have obtained necessary skills to work on creating an open framework for local communities’ activities. Findings suggest the need for improvements in existing curricula for public space design and activation, based on the user-oriented, open approach.]]> Tue, 05 Dec 2023 15:12:22 +0100 Kwaśnicki, Paweł; Gronba-Chyła, Anna; Generowicz, Agnieszka; Ciuła, Józef; Wiewiórska, Iwona; Gaska, Krzysztof
rodzaj: artykuł w czasopiśmie
Abstrakt: In this work, we propose a new method for manufacturing busbars in photovoltaic modules for different solar cell generations, focusing on 1st and 3rd generations. The method is based on high-pressure spray coating using nanometric metallic powder. Our focus is primarily on optimizing conductive paths for applications involving conductive layers used in 3rd generation solar cells, such as quantum dot solar cell, dye-sensitized solar cell, and silicon-based solar cells on glass-glass architecture for building-integrated photovoltaic. The advantages of the proposed method include the possibility of reducing the material quantity in the conductive paths and creating various shapes on the surface, including bent substrates. This paper examines the influence of the proposed high-pressure spraying technique using metallic particles on the morphology of the resulting conductive paths, interface characteristics, and electrical parameters. Conductive paths were created on four different layers commonly used in photovoltaic systems, including transparent conductive oxide, Cu, Ti, and atomic layer deposition processed Al2O3. The use of high-pressure technology enables the production of conductive layers with strong adhesion to the substrate and precise control of the spatial parameters of conductive paths. Furthermore, the temperature recorded during the deposition process does not exceed 385 K, making this technique suitable for various types of substrates, including glass and silicon. Additionally, the produced layers exhibit low resistance, measuring less than 0.3 Ω. Finally, the mechanical resistance, as determined through tearing tests, as well as environmental and time stability, have been confirmed for the produced paths.]]> Tue, 05 Dec 2023 12:21:46 +0100 Kuśmierski, Jacek
rodzaj: książka
Abstrakt: Political, diplomatic and commercial contacts with the Ottoman Empire influenced Poles’ particular interest in the nature, art and architecture of the Orient. This phenomenon was reflected in Polish gardens, which featured exotic flowers and trees, Turkish tents, and oriental pavilions in the form of mosques, minarets, kiosks, tents and baths. Despite a long tradition of research into cultural exchanges between our countries, the issue has not received much attention from scholars. The present publication presents an outline of the state of knowledge about the gardens of the Ottoman Empire in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, a list of plant species from Turkey, identified examples of tents displayed in Polish gardens, and designed or completed oriental pavilions. Detailed historical and structural descriptions were produced for the latter, together with a catalogue of 47 iconographic and cartographic objects. This publication is promotional material for the temporary exhibition ‘Oriental Paradise. Turkish Influence in the Polish Gardens’ presented at the Wilanów Palace from 18 September to 31 December 2023. The event was prepared on the occasion of the 17th International Congress of Turkish Art (ICTA) in Warsaw, which was co-organised by the Museum of King Jan III’s Palace at Wilanów and the University of Warsaw on 18–21 September 2023.]]> Tue, 05 Dec 2023 12:16:41 +0100 Kuśmierski, Jacek
rodzaj: książka
Abstrakt: Kontakty polityczne, dyplomatyczne i handlowe z Imperium Osmańskim wpłynęły na szczególne zainteresowanie Polaków tamtejszą naturą, sztuką i architekturą. Zjawisko to znalazło swoje odzwierciedlenie w polskich ogrodach, w których pojawiły się egzotyczne kwiaty i drzewa, tureckie namioty oraz orientalne pawilony w formie meczetów, minaretów, kiosków, namiotów i łaźni. Mimo długich tradycji badań nad wymianą kulturową pomiędzy naszymi krajami, zagadnienie to nie doczekało się większego naukowego opracowania. Publikacja przedstawia zarys stanu wiedzy o ogrodach Imperium Osmańskiego w Rzeczpospolitej, wykaz gatunków roślin pochodzących z Turcji, zidentyfikowane przykłady namiotów eksponowanych w polskich ogrodach oraz projektowanych lub zrealizowanych pawilonów orientalnych. Dla tych ostatnich opracowano szczegółowe opisy historyczne i konstrukcyjne, wraz z katalogiem 47 obiektów ikonograficznych i kartograficznych. Niniejsza publikacja jest materiałem promocyjnym wystawy czasowej "Orientalny raj. Wpływy tureckie w ogrodach polskich" prezentowanej w pałacu wilanowskim od 18 września do 31 grudnia 2023 r. Wydarzenie zostało przygotowane z okazji 17. Międzynarodowego Kongresu Sztuki Tureckiej (ICTA) w Warszawie, który został zorganizowany przez Muzeum Pałacu Króla Jana III w Wilanowie i Uniwersytet Warszawski w dniach 18–21 września 2023 r.]]> Tue, 05 Dec 2023 11:28:27 +0100 Śmietański, Maciej; Zamkowski, Mateusz; Karbowski, Krzysztof; Kujawa, Mariusz J.
rodzaj: artykuł w czasopiśmie
Abstrakt: Objective The aim of the ILAM (Individualized Laparoscopic Anatomical Mesh) study was to create and implant a fully individualized mesh based on CT scans, taking into account the published body of knowledge about the material and mechanical behavior of the implant for laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. Summary Background Data The team creating and conducting this study consisted of surgeons and engineers. A specific project was made and divided into 4 phases. Methods The process of development and implantation was divided into 4 milestones: CT scans and modeling based on predefined subgroups, mesh manufacture, certification and clinical evaluation. Results The result of the study was the first individually designed hernia mesh to have been implanted in a human subject. After 12 months of follow-up, no recurrences or other complications were reported. Conclusions The new mesh provides a better anatomic fit to the patients’ inguinal region geometry. Mechanical stability is ensured by the multiple contact points between the implant and the tissues, which generate friction forces. Together with the possibility of shape design (proper overlap), the authors believe that there is no need for mesh fixation. If so, the use of such design meshes can change the guidelines in laparoendoscopic hernia repair in the future.]]> Tue, 05 Dec 2023 11:19:59 +0100 Korzeniowska, Agata
rodzaj: rozdział/fragment książki
Abstrakt: Celem niniejszego artykułu jest wskazanie głównych problemów wsi na granicy między zrównoważonym rozwojem a ochroną lokalnego środowiska kulturowego i naturalnego. Dla ich jednoznacznego zdefiniowania autorka posłużyła się badaniem relacji dwóch pojęć – rozwój i ochrona – zestawionych w trzy modele: pozornie rozwojowy, ochronny i stagnacyjny, które egzemplifikują wybrane wsie Zamagurza Spiskiego. Uzyskane w ten sposób wnioski pozwoliły na stworzenie modelu optymalnego, zdaniem autorki, najlepszego rozwoju wsi w symbiozie z chronionymi zasobami. Istotną dla niniejszego wywodu jest analiza formalnych zapisów prawa dotyczących ochrony zabytków i zagospodarowania przestrzennego. Pozwala to na odniesienie teorii do konkretnych, ugruntowanych formalnie faktów i powszechnie obowiązujących regulacji. Zamagurze Spiskie jest polsko -słowacką krainą etnograficzną wchodzącą w większy obszar Spisza. W granicach Polski teren o powierzchni ok. 18,5 tys. ha obejmuje 15 wsi z Gminy Nowy Targ, Bukowina Tatrzańska oraz Łapsze Niżne. Ze względu na bogatą przeszłość obszar cechuje historyczna wielokulturowość oraz mnogość zabytków wzbogacających atrakcyjny krajobraz. Jednocześnie pod wieloma względami nie różni się od innych obszarów Małopolski czy całej Polski powiązanych dokumentami strategicznymi rangi wojewódzkiej czy krajowej. Celem artykułu jest zdefiniowanie najważniejszych lokalnych obszarów problemowych powstałych na styku relacji rozwój–ochrona, które mogą być wartościowe w dyskusji nad optymalnymi modelami przekształceń w szerszym znaczeniu.]]> Mon, 04 Dec 2023 14:08:56 +0100 Bąk, Joanna
rodzaj: rozdział/fragment książki
Abstrakt: The ongoing climate change forces the need for more and more attentive water management in the city. On the other hand, citizens expect solutions that make their lives easier, or increase their comfort. The answer to these needs seems to be the introduction of circular water management with the use of solutions characteristic for smart cities. Therefore, the aim of the article is to present the framework and perspectives for implementing circular water management in smart cities. At the beginning, the definitions of the circular economy and smart city were discussed. The differences in the linear and circular approaches to water management in cities were also presented. The study presented the stages of the product (water) life cycle as part of a circular model together with a discussion of various circular water management practices used in a smart city, with particular emphasis on innovative solutions in this area. A SWOT analysis was conducted to assess the prospects for the implementation of circular water management in smart cities. The conclusions summed up the framework of circular water management in smart cities and perspectives for its implementation. On the basis of the analysis, suggested directions of activities for the cities of the future were indicated.]]> Mon, 04 Dec 2023 13:15:38 +0100 Majka, Tomasz M.
rodzaj: artykuł w czasopiśmie
Abstrakt: The influence of methods for obtaining lignosulfonyl chloride (through chemical modifications of calcium lignosulfonate) and the amine chain length on the thermal properties and flammability of lignosulfonamides were examined. HCl/HSO3 Cl, HCl/PCl5, PCl5, and SOCl2 were used to calcium lignosulfonate modification. The conditions for the synthesis of lignosulfonamides were optimized. Promising results were aquired for N-butyl-N-dodecyl-lignosulfonamides obtained by reaction with thionyl chloride and PCl5. Tests confirmed negligible flammability and better thermal stability. The obtained lignosulfonamides can be used as flame-retardants in biocomposites.]]> Mon, 04 Dec 2023 12:15:15 +0100 Kijania-Kontak, Magda; Winnicki, Andrzej
rodzaj: materiały konferencyjne w książce
Abstrakt: The main aim of the paper is to present a detailed analysis of the bond between new high-strength steel bars B600B produced in Poland in Celsa Huta Ostrowiec and high-strength concrete. The steel bars are characterized by an increased (relative to normal steel) yield point, which is more than 600 MPa. The present standard for reinforced concrete structures Eurocode 2 2008 specifies design guidelines only for steel bars with a yield stress of not more than 600 MPa. The paper presents the results of experimental tests of the bond of B600B steel bars with the diameters of 16 mm and 32 mm for C50/60 concrete. The tests were carried out using the pull-out method recommended by RILEM. The anchorage sections with a base length of 2.5φ were selected for analysis. Based on the experimental studies of the properties of concrete and steel and the experimental pull-out tests, an analytical study was conducted to determine the stress value of bond using the formulae found in the available literature. The analyses have demonstrated that steel bars B600B produced by Celsa Huta Ostrowiec in Poland meet the requirements of the European standards for value of bond stress.]]> Mon, 04 Dec 2023 12:09:49 +0100 Bąk, Joanna
rodzaj: artykuł w czasopiśmie
Abstrakt: Due to climate change and its effects, it becomes indispensable to maximise the use of rainwater in cities. In order to effectively carry out this process in cities, it is essential to organise information and knowledge, and plan an appropriate action strategy. It is necessary to identify not only the strengths and opportunities for introducing solutions to collect and use rainwater in cities, but also the weaknesses and threats. The article presents a SWOT analysis (Strengths–Weaknesses–Opportunities–Threats) for the use of rainwater in the city, compiling comprehensive information and knowledge on this topic. Environmental, social and economic aspects have been taken into account. On its basis, the possibilities, as well as problems, barriers and limitations in the field of introducing the use of rainwater into the fabric of the cities of the future were discussed. The greatest challenges in this area were also identified, providing a basis for further planning of activities.]]> Mon, 04 Dec 2023 12:05:52 +0100 Juszczyk, Michał; Hanák, Tomáš; Výskala, Miloslav; Pacyno, Hanna; Siejda, Michał
rodzaj: artykuł w czasopiśmie
Abstrakt: This paper presents research results on the development of an original cost prediction model for construction costs in sewerage projects. The focus is placed on fast cost estimates applicable in the early stages of a project, based on fundamental information available during the initial design phase of sanitary sewers prior to the detailed design. The originality and novelty of this research lie in the application of artificial neural network ensembles, which include a combination of several individual neural networks and the use of simple averaging and generalized averaging approaches. The research resulted in the development of two ensemble-based models, including five neural networks that were trained and tested using data collected from 125 sewerage projects completed in the Czech Republic between 2018 and 2022. The data included information relevant to various aspects of projects and contract costs, updated to account for changes in costs over time. The developed models present satisfactory predictive performance, especially the ensemble model based on simple averaging, which offers prediction accuracy within the range of ±30% (in terms of percentage errors) for over 90% of the training and testing samples. The developed models, based on the ensembles of neural networks, outperformed the benchmark model based on the classical approach and the use of multiple linear regression.]]> Mon, 04 Dec 2023 10:23:25 +0100 Gądek, Szymon
rodzaj: rozprawa doktorska
Abstrakt: Praca koncentruje się na modyfikacji składu proszku ferrytycznej stali nierdzewnej AISI 434L w celu zwiększenia gęstości i poprawy mikrostruktury spiekanych części. Badania skupiają się na dodatkach, takich jak bor, węgiel i miedź, które mają wpływ na właściwości końcowego produktu. Wprowadzenie boru i węgla znacząco zwiększyło gęstość spieku i twardość, jednakże wystąpiła skrzepnięta eutektyka, co obniżyło plastyczność materiału. Dodatek miedzi wpływał na różnice w strukturze i właściwościach mechanicznych, gdzie mniejsza zawartość miedzi zwiększała plastyczność, a większa - wytrzymałość i twardość. Porównano również różne rodzaje stali nierdzewnych, wskazując na korzyści spiekanych stali 17-4PH, które charakteryzują się lepszymi właściwościami mechanicznymi w porównaniu do innych.Badania potwierdzają, że modyfikacje składu chemicznego stali nierdzewnej miały istotny wpływ na właściwości spiekanych części, ale wykazały również pewne ograniczenia, takie jak utrata plastyczności przy zwiększaniu twardości. Niniejsza praca podkreśla ponadto znaczenie dalszych badań w celu znalezienia optymalnych proporcji składników, które umożliwią uzyskanie spieków o pożądanych właściwościach mechanicznych przy zachowaniu plastyczności i wytrzymałości.]]> Fri, 01 Dec 2023 14:17:54 +0100 Kudłacik-Kramarczyk, Sonia; Drabczyk, Anna; Figiela, Beata; Korniejenko, Kinga
rodzaj: artykuł w czasopiśmie
Abstrakt: The initial predictions of the importance of geopolymers primarily assumed use mainly in the construction sector. However, as research progresses, it is becoming clear that these versatile materials demonstrate the ability to greatly exceed their original applications, as characterized in detail in this review article. To the best of our knowledge, there is no literature review concerning geopolymer materials that compiles the diverse applications of these versatile materials. This paper focuses on geopolymer applications beyond the construction industry. The surprising application potential of geopolymers in medicine has become a topic of particular interest. Therefore, considerable attention in this paper is devoted to characterizing the utility of these materials in tissue engineering, dentistry and drug delivery systems. Geopolymers not only have exceptional heat resistance and compressive strength, making them durable and resistant to manipulation (over five times less drug released from the geopolymer carrier compared to the commercial formulation), but also provide a robust solution for extended-release drug delivery systems, especially in opioid formulations. Their chemical stability, porous structure and ability to maintain structure after repeated regeneration processes speak to their potential in water treatment. Geopolymers, which excel in the energy industry as refractory materials due to their resistance to high temperatures and refractory properties, also present potential in thermal insulation and energy storage. It was demonstrated that geopolymer-based systems may even be 35% cheaper than conventional ones and show 70% lower thermal conductivity. In terms of protection against microorganisms, the possibility of modifying geopolymers with antimicrobial additives shows their adaptability, maintaining their effectiveness even under high-temperature conditions. Research into their use as anticorrosion materials is targeting corrosion-resistant coatings, with geopolymers containing graphene oxide showing particularly promising results. The multitude of potential applications for geopolymers in a variety of fields reflects their enormous potential. As research progresses, the scope of their possibilities continues to expand, offering innovative solutions to pressing global challenges.]]> Fri, 01 Dec 2023 13:41:24 +0100 Kwieciński, Karol; Paluch, Maciej
rodzaj: materiały konferencyjne w książce
Abstrakt: Artykuł dotyczy analizy dokładności wymiarowej chmury punktów odtwarzającej przestrzenny obiekt, wykonanej metodą skanowania fotograficznego w programie Metashape firmy Agisoft. Opisano trzy przykłady obiektów o wymiarach typowych dla obszaru badania wypadków drogowych: ślad bieżnika, samochód i fragment drogi. Porównano uzyskane chmury punktów z obiektami rzeczywistymi pod względem dokładności wymiarowej. Stwierdzono, że metoda jest w stanie zapewnić bardzo dobrą dokładność, z zapasem spełniającą wymogi typowej analizy wypadków.]]> Fri, 01 Dec 2023 10:48:35 +0100 Furtos, Gabriel; Prodan, Doina; Sarosi, Codruta; Moldovan, Marioara; Łach, Michał; Melnychuk, Mykola; Korniejenko, Kinga
rodzaj: artykuł w czasopiśmie
Abstrakt: In most studies about geopolymeric materials used in construction, the antibacterial properties of the building materials are treated as secondary features. Today, antimicrobial properties are a key feature in many building applications. The main objective of this article is to summarize the state-of-the-art in the area of design, development, and applications of nanoparticles as additives to geopolymer composites used in construction to improve their physical mechanical properties and induce a potential antibacterial effect, protecting them against alkali-resistant bacteria. On the basis of the literature and authors’ experience, the most important methods of obtaining especially the porous geopolymers, of nanomaterials used as additives, with potential antibacterial effect but also the potential mechanism of action against bacterial development were presented. The main findings show that using graphene oxide (GO) in geopolymer composites, but also other nanoparticles such as silver (Ag), zinc oxide (ZnO), silica (SiO2), titanium dioxide (TiO2), copper (Cu) as additives, is an effective way to induce a potential antibacterial effect and to improve the physical and mechanical properties in building materials.]]> Fri, 01 Dec 2023 09:06:59 +0100 Gorgol, Natalia K.
rodzaj: rozprawa doktorska
Abstrakt: Przedmiotem dysertacji jest korelacja pomiędzy ideą „Smart City” a formą urbanistyczną. Korelacja pomiędzy tymi pojęciami rozumiana jest jako możliwość wzajemnego i równorzędnego oddziaływania. Idea „Smart City” traktowana jest holistycznie jako sposób budowy/przebudowy miast. W części teoretycznej pracy zawężono ramy znaczeniowe dwóch kluczowych dla obszaru badawczego pojęć „Smart City” i „formy urbanistycznej.” Pozwoliło to na wykrystalizowanie elementów formy urbanistycznej oraz czynników składowych idei „Smart City” istotnych w kontekście korelacji pomiędzy nimi. Część praktyczna pracy obejmuje studium przypadku trzech różnorodnych realizacji: Songdo IBD, Aspern Seestadt w Wiedniu oraz Aker Brygge i Tjuvholmen w Oslo. Ma ona na celu opis konkretyzacji idei „Smart City” w praktyce projektowania urbanistycznego. W studium przypadków zbadano, przeanalizowano i wykazano korelację pomiędzy formą urbanistyczną, a ideą „Smart City” dla każdej z wybranych realizacji. Podstawą badań była autorska metoda badawcza. Głównym celem pracy są możliwości aplikacyjne wyników badań. Potrzeba uwzględnienia roli formy urbanistycznej w procesie wdrażania idei „Smart City” stwarza potencjalną możliwość kreowania dobrej i funkcjonalnej przestrzeni miejskiej o cechach smart. Wyniki badań podzielono na trzy kategorie: wnioski z badań teoretycznych, wnioski z badań empirycznych oraz wnioski aplikacyjne.]]> Thu, 30 Nov 2023 09:04:33 +0100 Staroń, Anita; Ciuruś, Joanna; Kijania-Kontak, Magda
rodzaj: artykuł w czasopiśmie
Abstrakt: Waste cooking oil poses a serious threat to human health and the environment, both in households and in larger communities. One of the applications of waste cooking oil is composite materials called vegeblocks, which can be used for construction purposes. These composites are formed by the process of polymerisation, esterification and polyesterification. The resulting materials exhibit mechanical strength in line with the requirements for paving blocks. Composite materials that have been annealed for a minimum of 20 h at 200 ◦C or higher have the highest tensile strength (above 5 MPa). In contrast, composites with the highest flexural strength were obtained after processing at 210 ◦C for 16 h. The Saxa 2 variety showed the greatest inhibition of storage root growth (almost 43% compared to the control sample), as well as stimulation of root and leaf blade growth (by a maximum of 61.5% and 53.5%, respectively, compared to the control sample). The composite obtained from the maximum process parameters resulted in significant growth of both the root and the green part of both radish varieties by up to 35%. The study showed that the presence of vegeblocks in the plants causes stress conditions, resulting in increased peroxidase content compared to the control sample. The presence of the oil composite in the soil did not increase the amount of catalase in the radish, and even a reduction was observed compared to the control sample.]]> Thu, 30 Nov 2023 08:53:18 +0100 Kumar, B. Varun; Selvan, Chithirai Pon; Kanna, P. Rajesh; Taler, Dawid; Szymkiewicz, Magdalena; Taler, Jan
rodzaj: artykuł w czasopiśmie
Abstrakt: Solar air heating thermal systems have found extensive utilization in a broad array of industrial and residential settings, playing a pivotal role in the conversion and reclamation of solar energy. Implementing repeated artificial roughness in the surfaces has the potential to augment thermal performance in solar air heaters (SAHs). This study presents a numerical investigation of SAHs with artificial rough surfaces, consisting of polygonal-shaped ribs and grooves located at different places inside the rectangular duct, that improve thermal efficiency. ANSYS Fluent software was employed to simulate the SAH with different relative pitch distances of p = 10mm and 20mm and relative rib heights e/d = 0.09–0.045. The working fluid air flows at different Reynolds numbers (Re), ranging from 3,800 to 18,000. Nusselt number (Nu), friction factor (f), and Thermal Hydraulic Performance (THP) are parameters to evaluate the performance of the SAH. The renormalized group (RNG) k-ϵ turbulent model was implemented in this simulation. The study outcomes indicate that increasing the rib height improves the heat transfer rate and nonetheless increases pressure drop while increasing the pitch distance. The higher Nusselt number (Nu) is 3.762 attained at p = 10mm and 3.420 at p = 20mm in the center-positioned rib at Re 3,800. The lower friction factor (f ) obtained in p = 20mm is 1.681 and 0.785 in p = 10mm in the staggered positioned rib at higher Re 15,000. The optimal THP was achieved at 2.813 at a staggered rib height at a pitch distance of p = 10mm at Re 8,000. The study’s findings suggest that the incorporation of artificial rough surfaces has the potential to enhance the THP of an SAH.]]> Wed, 29 Nov 2023 09:04:00 +0100 Matras-Postołek, Katarzyna; Żaba, Adam; Dąbczyński, Paweł; Marzec, Mateusz; Bernasik, Andrzej; Rysz, Jakub; Borysiewicz, Michał A.; Wojtowicz, Tomasz
rodzaj: materiały konferencyjne w czasopiśmie
Abstrakt: Environmentally friendly, colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) are promising materials for the next-generation, hybrid organic-inorganic photovoltaic devices obtained by solution-based methods because of their low cost, solution processability, and facile bandgap tunability. In this work, Cu2ZnSnS4 nanocrystals (CZTS NCs) with a diameter of 5 nm and the mixed crystal structure, including the kesterite and wurtzite phases, were synthesized using a "green" microwave-assisted process. The as-synthesized CZTS NCs were characterized with XRD, TEM, UV–Vis spectroscopy, PL spectroscopy, EDS, AFT-IR, XPS, and Raman spectroscopy. The photovoltaic (PV) performance of hybrid devices was studied and it consisted of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/active layer/Al, where CZTS NCs, model polymer PCDTBT, and PC70BM as an acceptor of electrons were in the active layer. In order to improve the charge transport and hydrophobicity of CZTS NCs in hybrid solar cells, the surface of the NCs was modified with four selected aromatic molecules, e.g. 1-aminonaphthalene, o-phenylenediamine, 2-naphthalenethiol, and 2naphtholic acid, respectively. The performance of the devices significantly depended on the type of the used target ligand for modification of the CZTS NCs and their concentration in the active layer. With a fixed concentration of NCs, the exchange of ligand from initial ethylenediamine, in the best case of o-phenylenediamine, results in a five-time boost in device efficiency. This optimization of the NC ligands also allows achieving c.a. 45 % relative increase in device efficiency compared to the reference system without NCs. The highest average photovoltaic efficiency of 2.82 % with the open circuit voltage (Voc) = 0.86 V, short circuit current density (Jsc) = 8.79 mA/cm2 , and fill factor (FF) = 0.41 was noted.]]> Wed, 29 Nov 2023 07:46:03 +0100 Blazy, Rafał; Hrehorowicz-Gaber, Hanna; Błachut, Jakub; Ciepiela, Agnieszka; Łysień, Mariusz; Dudek, Jakub; Hrehorowicz-Nowak, Alicja
rodzaj: artykuł w czasopiśmie
Abstrakt: W Krakowie, podobnie jak w innych miastach Polski, obserwuje się podejmowanie licznych inicjatyw tworzenia prywatnych przedszkoli i szkół ze względu na rosnące zapotrzebowanie na takie obiekty. W trakcie ostatnich trzech lat sytuacja w szkolnictwie pogorszyła się za sprawą wirusa COVID-19 oraz przez wojnę w Ukrainie. Obecna sytuacja stwarza zapotrzebowanie na możliwość zastosowania szybkiego w realizacji, efektywnego i możliwie ekonomicznego rozwiązania, które zapewni jednocześnie elastyczność w kwestii doboru lokalizacji dodatkowych przestrzeni dla edukacji prowadzonej na różnych szczeblach. Zespół badaczy jako odpowiedź na powyższe zapotrzebowanie zaproponował wykorzystanie budownictwa modułowego. Opracowano "Szkołę Przyszłości: modularny i mobilny system zielonych klas", w ramach programu Nauka dla Społeczeństwa. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie możliwości wykorzystania zaproponowanych modułów edukacyjnych, w kontekście uwarunkowań przestrzennych oraz regulacji wynikających z dokumentów planistycznych. Obszarem wytypowanym do analiz szczegółowych była gmina miejska i miasto Kraków. We wskazanych placówkach wykonano badania terenowe, waloryzację uwarunkowań przyrodniczych oraz analizę planistyczną. W licznych przypadkach występują utrudnienia wynikające z niewielkiego udziału powierzchni biologicznie czynnej w terenach szkolnych. Większość badanych obiektów posiada niespójnie zaprojektowaną przestrzeń w swoim najbliższym otoczeniu, jak i w niewielkim stopniu wykorzystuje możliwości wynikające z dostępności komunikacyjnej. Szczególne ograniczenia dotyczą szkół zlokalizowanych w zabudowie historycznej, często objętej ochroną konserwatorską. Ze względu na regulacje zawarte w planach miejscowych, wykluczona jest możliwość realizacji obiektów tymczasowych. Zapisy te powodują utratę mobilności, która była jednym z kluczowych założeń projektu. Zarekomendowano realizację modułów Zielonych Klas jako obiektów w formie platform osadzonych na kołach lub rozważenie realizacji jako obiektów trwale związanych z gruntem.]]> Tue, 28 Nov 2023 09:25:27 +0100 Pazdan, Sylwia; Kiec, Mariusz
rodzaj: artykuł w czasopiśmie
Abstrakt: The increasing number of cyclists in cities around the world results in a greater focus on bicycle traffic. Next to traffic volume, the main characteristic of traffic used in road safety analysis, infrastructure planning, design, etc. is its speed. Bicyclespeed is strongly affected by the type of bicycle facility, motor vehicle traffic parameters (volume, speed, share of heavy vehicles), trip motivation, weather conditions, etc., and therefore it is difficult to estimate. Traditionally, bicycle speed is determined directly using speed radar or indirectly, as a quotient of measurement base length and travel time calculated using a stopwatch or video technique. There are also researches where bicycle speed was esti-mated based on GPS sources, mainly mobile apps. However, depending on the GPS source and the group of cyclists, bicycle speed gained from GPS data can be different from the speed of regular cyclists (due to different levels of experience or types of bicycle). In the paper, the relationships between bicycle speed obtained from empirical meas-urements and two different GPS sources, which were bikesharing system (Wavelo) and Strava app, were analysed. In total 18 research sites were selected different in terms of bicycle facility (bicycle path, shared pedestrian/bicycle path, contraflow lane) and element of road network (road segment, bicycle crossing with or without traffic signals). Two-tailed test for two means was conducted to analyse the statistical significance of differences in bicycle speed estimated based on GPS data and empirical measurements using video technique. It showed that Wavelo and Strava speeds are by 17.4% lower are by 23.1% higher than the speeds of regular cyclists respectively. Two linear regression models describing relationships between bicycle speeds from empirical measurements and GPS data were developed. The results show that the variance of bicycle speed is almost 80% described by the variance of Wavelo speed and 60% described by the variance of Strava speed, which suggests thatbicycle free-flow speed can be estimated based on GPS data either from bikeshare system or dedicated app.]]> Tue, 28 Nov 2023 08:12:01 +0100 Yin, Ming; Soomro, Toufique Ahmed; Jandan, Fayyaz Ali; Fatihi, Ayoub; Ubaid, Faisal Bin; Irfan, Muhammad ; Afifi, Ahmed J.; Rahman, Saifur; Telenyk, Sergii; Nowakowski, Grzegorz
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Abstrakt: Deep learning has found widespread application in diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening, primarily for lesion detection. However, this approach encounters challenges such as information loss due to convolutional operations, shape uncertainty, and the high similarity between different lesions types. These factors collectively hinder the accurate segmentation of lesions. In this research paper, we introduce a novel dual-branch U-Net architecture, referred to as Dual-Branch (DB)-U-Net, tailored to address the intricacies of small-scale lesion segmentation. Our approach involves two branches: one employs a U-Net to capture the shared characteristics of lesions, while the other utilizes a modified U-Net, known as U2Net, equipped with two decoders that share a common encoder. U2Net is responsible for generating probability maps for lesion segmentation as well as corresponding boundary segmentation. DB U-Net combines the outputs of U2Net and U-Net as a dual branch, concatenating their segmentation maps to produce the final result. To mitigate the challenge of imbalanced data, we employ the Dice loss as a loss function. We evaluate the effectiveness of our approach on publicly available datasets, including DDR, IDRiD, and E-Ophtha. Our results demonstrate that DB U-Net achieves AUPR values of 0.5254 and 0.7297 for Microaneurysms and soft exudates segmentation, respectively, on the IDRiD dataset. These results outperform other models, highlighting the potential clinical utility of our method in identifying retinal lesions from retinal fundus images.]]> Tue, 28 Nov 2023 07:47:58 +0100 Tomczyk, Krzysztof; Kowalczyk, Małgorzata
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Abstrakt: This paper presents the mathematical basis and related procedures for the regression of the upper bound of the dynamic error produced by charge-mode accelerometers. The integralsquare error obtained in response to simulation signals with one constraint appearing at the input of the accelerometer is considered. Physical models of accelerometers are presented with related equations and mathematical formulae that make it possible to obtain the error and the corresponding constrained signal. Examples of the regression for predefined values of the accelerometer parameters are also discussed. The solutions presented in this paper may contribute to increasing the accuracy of the charge-mode accelerometers commonly used in energy systems. Development of the functions approximating the integral-square error for the given ranges of accelerometer parameters constitutes the original contribution of this paper.]]> Tue, 28 Nov 2023 07:45:05 +0100 Rachowicz, Waldemar; Cecot, Witold; Zdunek, Adam
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Abstrakt: We present an overlapping domain decomposition iterative solver for linear systems resulting from the discretization of compressible viscous flows with the Discontinuous Petrov–Galerkin (DPG) method in three dimensions. It is a two-grid solver utilizing the solution on the auxiliary coarse grid and the standard blockJacobi iteration on patches of elements defined by supports of the coarse mesh base shape functions. The simple iteration defined in this way is used as a preconditioner for the conjugate gradient procedure. Theoretical analysis indicates that the condition number of the preconditioned system should be independent of the actual finite element mesh and the auxiliary coarse mesh, provided that they are quasiuniform. Numerical tests confirm this result. Moreover, they show that presence of strongly flattened or elongated elements does not slow the convergence. The finite element mesh is subject to adaptivity, i.e. dividing the elements with large errors until a required accuracy is reached. The auxiliary coarse mesh is adjusting to the nonuniform actual mesh.]]>